Abnormalities of Serum Lipid Profile in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus in North-Western Nigeria

A.Yakubu, S. Dahiru, A.S. Mainasara, P.O. Anaja, B. Musa, H.A. Hassan

Type 2 Diabetes, Controls, Dyslipidemia.

Background:Dyslipidaemia has been indicted in type-2 diabetes. It increases the patient’s risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. This study was conducted to compare the lipid profile of diabetic patients and healthy controls.

Method and Method: A case – control study was conducted. 80 type 2 diabeticpatients and 80 controls were recruited in the study. Serum lipid profiles: total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein, and high density lipoprotein, anthropometry,glycatedhaemoglobinand fasting blood glucose were assessed using standard methods. Epi Info Version 7 was used for statistical analysis and P < 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant.

Results: Compared to the control subjects, diabetic patients had statistically significant higher levels of total cholesterol(p= 0.001), triglycerides (p= 0.001), Low density lipoprotein (p<0.05), high .density lipoprotein (p= 0.001), HbA1c (P= )and the fasting blood glucose (P= ).Among the diabetic subjects, the dyslipidemia shows a gender dimorphism with diabetic females having higher levels compared to the diabetic males (P= ).49% of the studied diabetics were obese. Obese diabetics had significantly higher serum levels of total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein and high density lipoprotein (p= 0.05) compared to non-obese diabetics. The duration of diabetes also affects the serum lipid profile in such a way that diabetics with greater than 5 years history of diabetes duration having/ had higher total cholesterol levels compared to those with ≤ 5 years history of diabetes (P= ) or lower diabetes duration.

Conclusion: Type 2 diabetic patients have higher risk of having dyslipidemia compared to the control group. Female gender, obesity and greater than 5 year’s history of diabetes higher diabetes duration were associated with dyslipidemia in diabetic patients. We recommend routine lipid profile test especially in the higher risk groups.

https://doi.org/10.31871/WJRR.11.4.19