CD-14 and Toll-4 as Biomarkers for Prognostic Assessment of COVID-19: A Review Article

Patricia Abreu Pinheiro de Lemos

CD14, COVID-19, MORBIDITY, SARS-CoV-2, TOLL LIKE RECEPTOR 4.

The COVID-19 pandemic has been responsible for almost 700,000 deaths in Brazil since its emergence to the present. As a virus that enters the host through the airways, SARS-CoV-2 is highly transmissible, showing tropism for the ACE-2 enzyme present in greater quantities in the lung alveoli. Since ACE-2 is present in the cells of the connective tissue of veins and arteries, it is widely distributed in the human body, including and mainly in the cells of the oral and nasal mucosa, which constitute the gateway for SARS-CoV-2, which in would then reach the lungs. Furthermore, mucosal epithelial cells have a variety of membrane glycoprotein receptors that bind to viral anti-receptors, among which are the sCD14 biomarkers. This literature review aimed to demonstrate the evasion mechanisms and pathogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 in order to use biomarkers such as sCD14 and Toll-4 to predict the severity of COVID-19 in infected individuals.

https://doi.org/10.31871/WJRR.18.4.4