Surgical Success in Severe Mpox Lesions: A Case Report from Pallisa General Hospital, Eastern Uganda

Richard Gamubaka, Patrick Abingwa, Bua Emmanuel, Jullian Abeso,Fred Maiso

Mpox lesions, zoonotic viral infection

Mpox (formerly known as monkeypox) is a zoonotic viral infection caused by the monkeypox virus, a member of the Ortho poxvirus genus, closely related to variola (smallpox) virus. While traditionally considered a mild illness in most cases, mpox can present severe complications, particularly in immunocompromised individuals or those with delayed medical intervention (1). The recent resurgence of mpox outbreaks in both endemic and non-endemic regions has heightened awareness of its clinical manifestations, which include fever, swollen lymph nodes, and a distinctive rash that can progress into painful, disfiguring lesions (2).

In Uganda, particularly in rural areas such as Pallisa in Eastern Uganda, healthcare resources can be limited, complicating the effective management of severe cases. Severe mpox lesions may require interventions beyond supportive care, including surgical management, to address complications such as extensive tissue damage or secondary bacterial infections (3). While antiviral treatments like tecovirimat and intralesional cidofovir have shown promise in managing severe cases (1,2,3), they are often not readily available in resource-limited settings. Therefore, surgical techniques, though considered a last resort, may be an essential component of treatment in certain cases.

This case report from Pallisa General Hospital explores the role of surgery in managing severe mpox lesions. It highlights the challenges faced in a low-resource setting and the potential outcomes of surgical interventions in such environments. The report aims to contribute valuable insights into the management of severe mpox lesions, considering both the limitations and potential successes of surgical approaches, and the growing need for effective treatment strategies in the face of emerging epidemics.